PHYSICOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF PETROLEUM CONTAMINATED SOIL FROM ELEME, PORT-HARCOURT
- Project Research
- 1-5 Chapters
- Abstract : Available
- Table of Content: Available
- Reference Style: APA
- Recommended for : Student Researchers
- NGN 3000
2 Statement of the Problem
Petroleum substances pose a threat to the environment as they negatively affect plant production and put health of people and animals at risk (Zacharyasz et al., 2012 and Kolwzan et al., 2001). They cause carcinogenic, mutagenic and toxic effects (Ribes et al., 2003, Freitag et al., 1985 and DEC, 1992). Chemicals associated with oil spillage are benzene, toluene, petroleum hydrocarbons, phenol, oil and grease, heavy metals etc. Some of these substances are volatile, have moderate solubility in water and are readily absorbed by the organic components of the soil. They can enter the body by ingestion of contaminated crops, inhalation of vapour from the soil, intake of contaminated drinking water and skin exposure while bathing. They are all toxic but benzene is a recognized carcinogen. When inhaled for long periods in low concentrations they can cause brain damage. Metal poisoning and other forms of toxicity are caused by heavy metals. Oil spillage brings death and barrenness. Babies in Nigeria are at double risk of dying before they reach a month old if mothers lived near the scene of an oil spillage before conceiving (Edozie, 2017). A 2011 report by the UN Environmental Program estimated 5 that after decades of repeated oil spillage in Ogoni land, it would take 30 years to reverse damage to public health and ecosystem. Oil spillage affects soil physical, biological and chemical properties. The daily maximum surface temperature of hydrocarbon-contaminated soils is often higher than that of adjacent control sites (Aislabie et al., 2004). Oil spillage usually causes anaerobic environment in soil by smothering soil particles and blocking air diffusion in the soil pores thus affecting soil microbial communities (Townsend et al., 2003, Labud et al., 2007, and Sutton et.al., ,2013). Other effects of crude oil spillage on soil physical properties include decreased pore spaces (porosity), saturated hydraulic conductivity and increased bulk density..The decreased pore spaces apart from reducing soil aeration, minimize infiltration of water into the soil (Abosede, 2013). Hydrocarbon contamination can also increase soil total organic carbon (Ekundayo and Obuekwe, 2000) and change soil pH values (Hu et al., 2006; Wang et.al., 2010) and other soil chemical properties (Kisic et al., 2009). pH values can be increased to 8.0 and available phosphorus concentration reduced (Wang et al., 2013). Maximum permissible levels of substances in soil and water are given by National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA), WHO, The Environmental Management (Soil Quality Standards) Regulations, and other environmental agencies. To ensure that these maximum permissible levels are not exceeded, determination of the levels of these substances in environmental samples is done and remedies proffered where they exceed maximum permissible levels.
Related Project Materials
TEACHERS AND STUDENTS ATTITUDES TOWARDS TEACHING OF SEX EDUCATION IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS
ABSTRACT
This research is concerned with teachers and students attitude towards the teaching of sex education in seconda...
THE EFFECTS OF EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION ON PREVENTING WILDLIFE TRAFFICKING
ABSTRACT: The effects of early childhood education on preventing wildlife...
PERCEIVED QUALITY OF CARE AND SATISFACTION WITH NURSING CARE AMONG ELDERLY PATIENTS IN MEDICAL WARDS OF UNTH ITUKU
Background of the study
According to the World Health Organization (WHO,2019) and the International Cou...
PREVALENCE OF HIV/AIDS AMONG INTENDING DONORS
ABSTRACT
The Human Immune deficiency Virus(HIV) and the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) situation in Nigeria has affected bloo...
GENDER AND POLITICAL PARTICIPATION IN RIVERS STATE, THE FOURTH REPUBLIC EXPERIENCE(A CASE STUDY OF THE 2011 GENERAL ELECTIONS
Background of the Study
The principles of freedom, fairness, and equality in treatment of all peo...
THE EFFECT OF ADVERTISING ON CONSUMER'S ACCEPTABILITY OF NEW PRODUCT
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Nearly everyone in the modern world is influenced to some degree by advertisin...
TIMELY RELEASE OF RESULTS AND ACADEMIC PERFOMENCE OF STUDENTS IN BUSINESS EDUCATION
ABSTRACT
The research provides an appraisal of timely release of result and its effect on academic performance of&n...
THE IMPACT OF EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION ON GENDER IDENTITY
ABSTRACT: The impact of early childhood education on gender identity is cr...
A SURVEY ON THE RELEVANCE OF MARKETING RESEARCH IN ENHANCING THE SERVICE LEVEL OF MANUFACTURING FIRMS
EXCERPT FROM THE STUDY
Marketing research is the device used in the marketing field by management to solve problems and...
SAFETY MANAGEMENT IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION SITE
Background of the study
The construction industry in Nigeria has since being on a steady rise in r...
